The first edition of the Apokopos, verses written in about 1500, represents the most typical example of Cretan literature, printed by Nikolaos Kallierges in Venice in 1509. The objective of Bergadis (fifteenth to sixteenth century) was the promotion of ethical-moulding messages against what was wrong with society in his day, such as the ease with which his contemporaries forgot the deceased, the greed of the clergy and the heartlessness of his fellow men.